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Prophets — from Adam to Jacob Frank

A chronology of prophetic and revelatory figures, from the first human אדם and his son Seth — who, per Josephus, inscribed the astronomical knowledge on two pillars (brick and stone) to outlast the flood — through the biblical prophets, the second-temple and apocalyptic writers, the early-Christian and merkabah-mystical tradition, the Islamic prophets (including Job/Ayyub) and the Sufi mystics (including the Illuminationist Suhrawardi), down to the Sabbatean–Frankist thread whose final figure is Jacob Frank (1726 CE–1791 CE). 61 figures across 4000 BCE – 1791 CE. Click a card to open its profile — a Wikipedia-sourced biography, an infobox of facts, and a life-and-work summary table.

● lineage end · ● royal · ● mage/prophet · hover a dot for the figure

4000 BCE · Eden (legendary)

First human in Genesis; paradigmatic figure of creation and fall.

3870 BCE – 2960 BCE · Antediluvian (legendary)

Adam's appointed son; per Josephus, his descendants invented the astronomical science and inscribed it on two pillars — one of brick, one of stone — to survive flood and fire.

3400 BCE – 3350 BCE · Antediluvian (legendary)

Patriarch who 'walked with God'; eponym of the Enochic apocalyptic literature (1 Enoch).

3000 BCE – 2400 BCE · Antediluvian (legendary)

Righteous survivor of the Flood; bridge between antediluvian and postdiluvian eras.

2500 BCE – 2400 BCE · Arabia (people of 'Ad, legendary)

Quranic prophet sent to the ancient people of 'Ad; preached monotheism amid their pride.

2050 BCE – 1950 BCE · Hijaz (people of Thamud, legendary)

Quranic prophet to Thamud; the she-camel of God a sign they hamstrung.

2000 BCE – 1820 BCE · Mesopotamia/Canaan

Patriarch of the covenant; counted as a proto-prophet in biblical and Quranic texts.

1900 BCE – 1820 BCE · Sodom / Jordan valley

Abraham's nephew; Quranic prophet to the cities of the plain.

1900 BCE – 1820 BCE · Arabia / Paran

Abraham's first son; Quranic prophet and, with Abraham, raiser of the Ka'ba's foundations.

1850 BCE – 1760 BCE · Canaan

Son of Abraham and Sarah; Quranic prophet of the covenant line.

1800 BCE – 1650 BCE · Canaan / Egypt

Isaac's son; Quranic prophet, father of the twelve tribes.

1740 BCE – 1640 BCE · Canaan / Egypt

Jacob's son; Quranic prophet whose sura recounts his rise from well to vizier.

1600 BCE – 1500 BCE · Midian / Madyan

Quranic prophet to Midian; preacher of honest measure and strict monotheism.

1520 BCE – 1400 BCE · Uz (legendary)

Quranic prophet of patient endurance (Ayyub); tried in body, family and goods, restored by God.

1500 BCE – 1450 BCE · Mesopotamia (uncertain)

Quranic prophet named twice among the patient; traditions variously identify him with Ezekiel or a sage.

1450 BCE – 1300 BCE · Quranic (legendary)

Mysterious immortal guide who instructs Moses in the inward meanings of events (Quran 18).

1391 BCE – 1271 BCE · Egypt/Sinai

Lawgiver and paradigmatic prophet of Sinai; mediator of the Torah.

1394 BCE – 1271 BCE · Egypt/Sinai

Moses' brother; Quranic prophet and spokesman, partner in the mission to Pharaoh.

1040 BCE – 970 BCE · Israel/Judah

King and Quranic prophet; the Psalms (Zabur) revealed to him.

860 BCE – 850 BCE · Northern Kingdom

Northern-kingdom prophet; archetypal wonder-worker and eschatological forerunner.

850 BCE – 800 BCE · Northern Kingdom

Successor to Elijah; wonder-working prophet of the Northern Kingdom cycles.

800 BCE – 750 BCE · Judah

Prophet (dating disputed); locust-plague oracles and outpouring-of-Spirit eschatology.

786 BCE – 746 BCE · Northern Kingdom

8th-c. BCE prophet; the Book of Jonah and its mission-to-Nineveh motif.

765 BCE – 750 BCE · Tekoa/Judah

Shepherd-prophet of Tekoa; among the earliest literary prophets, social-justice oracles.

755 BCE – 715 BCE · Northern Kingdom

Northern-kingdom prophet; symbolic marriage and oracles of judgment and restoration.

740 BCE – 700 BCE · Jerusalem

Jerusalem prophet spanning Uzziah–Hezekiah; messianic and imperial-oracle traditions.

737 BCE – 690 BCE · Judah

Judean prophet; oracles against injustice and the Bethlehem messianic-hope tradition.

660 BCE – 612 BCE · Judah

Poet celebrating the fall of Nineveh (612 BCE); anti-Assyrian oracles.

640 BCE – 609 BCE · Jerusalem

Josianic prophet; oracles of the Day of YHWH against Jerusalem and the nations.

627 BCE – 580 BCE · Jerusalem/Egypt

Late pre-exilic prophet; Temple and covenant oracles, witness to Jerusalem's fall (587 BCE).

625 BCE – 560 BCE · Jerusalem/Babylon

Scribe of Jeremiah; attributed the Book of Baruch and the 2 Baruch tradition.

620 BCE – 600 BCE · Judah

Prophet of dialogue with God; Hab 2:4 'the righteous shall live by faith'.

605 BCE – 530 BCE · Babylon/Persia

Exilic court figure; apocalyptic visions in the Book of Daniel.

600 BCE – 550 BCE · Judah/Edom

Shortest prophetic book; oracles against Edom, dating disputed.

593 BCE – 560 BCE · Babylon

Exilic priest-prophet; merkabah visions and the valley-of-dry-bones restoration.

520 BCE – 515 BCE · Jerusalem

Post-exilic prophet urging temple rebuilding under Zerubbabel (520 BCE).

520 BCE – 480 BCE · Jerusalem

Post-exilic prophet of apocalyptic visions; temple restoration and two-messiah traditions.

480 BCE – 440 BCE · Babylon/Jerusalem

Priest-scribe of the Persian-period return; Torah restoration and canon.

460 BCE – 420 BCE · Jerusalem

Last of the Twelve Minor Prophets; post-exilic covenant and purity oracles.

336 BCE – 323 BCE · Quranic (legendary)

Quranic figure 'the two-horned one' who journeys to the ends of the earth; often identified with Alexander.

50 BCE – 6 BCE · Judea (temple)

Quranic priest-prophet; father of Yahya (John the Baptist) by a late-life miracle.

John the Baptist

27 CE – 30 CE · Judea

Apocalyptic wilderness preacher and forerunner figure in early 1st-c. CE Judea.

Jesus of Nazareth

28 CE – 30 CE · Galilee/Judea

Galilean prophet-teacher; central figure of early Christianity, crucified c. 30 CE.

95 CE – 100 CE · Anatolia (exile)

Visionary author of the Book of Revelation, the early Christian apocalyptic text.

Shimon bar Yochai

132 CE – 160 CE · Roman Judea

Tannaitic sage; legendary attribution of the Zohar, key merkabah-mysticism figure.

570 CE – 632 CE · Mecca/Medina

Seal of the prophets in Islamic tradition; recipient of the Quran (610-632 CE).

Rabi'a al-Adawiyya

716 CE – 801 CE · Basra

Early female Sufi saint; teacher of disinterested love of God apart from fear or hope of reward.

Bayazid Bastami

804 CE – 874 CE · Persia (Bastam)

Early ecstatic Sufi; sayings of self-annihilation (fana') and union.

Junayd al-Baghdadi

830 CE – 910 CE · Baghdad

Sober Sufi theologian; codified fana' and baqa' in a systematic Sufi ethics.

Mansur al-Hallaj

858 CE – 922 CE · Persia/Baghdad

Sufi martyr; his cry 'Ana al-Haqq' (I am the Truth) led to his execution in Baghdad, 922 CE.

1058 CE – 1111 CE · Persia (Tus)

Sunni theologian and Sufi; revived the religious sciences and wedded mysticism to orthodoxy.

Farid al-Din Attar

1145 CE – 1221 CE · Nishapur

Persian Sufi poet; the Conference of the Birds — thirty birds through seven valleys to the Simorgh.

1154 CE – 1191 CE · Persia (Aleppo)

Persian philosopher-mystic; founder of Illuminationism (hikmat al-ishraq) — the metaphysics of light in which the cosmos is a hierarchy of governing lights.

1165 CE – 1240 CE · Andalusia/Mecca/Damascus

Sufi metaphysician 'the Greatest Master'; unity of being (wahdat al-wujud), the Bezels of Wisdom.

1181 CE – 1235 CE · Cairo

Arabic Sufi poet; the Wine Ode and the Great T-poem on divine love and the stations of realization.

Jalaluddin Rumi

1207 CE – 1273 CE · Balkh/Konya

Persian Sufi poet; the Masnavi and the turn toward the Beloved; eponym of the Mevlevi order.

Abraham Abulafia

1240 CE – 1291 CE · Spain/Italy

Medieval prophetic Kabbalist; ecstatic practices and messianic self-claims (13th c.).

Shah Nimatullah Wali

1330 CE – 1431 CE · Persia (Kerman/Mahan)

Sufi poet and eponym of the Nimatullahi order; astrological and cosmological mystical works.

1626 CE – 1676 CE · Smyrna/Ottoman lands

sabbatean-frankist

Smyrna-born messianic claimant; center of the 1665–66 Sabbatean movement.

1644 CE – 1680 CE · Ottoman Gaza

sabbatean-frankist

Sabbatai Tsevi's prophet; theological architect of Sabbatean messianism.

1726 CE – 1791 CE · Poland/Ottoman

sabbatean-frankistlineage end

Polish Sabbatean successor; founder of the Frankist movement, who cast himself as the antinomian messianic counterpart abolishing the old law.