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Prophets — from Adam to Jacob Frank

A chronology of prophetic and revelatory figures, from the first human אדם and his son Seth — who, per Josephus, inscribed the astronomical knowledge on two pillars (brick and stone) to outlast the flood — through the biblical prophets (several of whom the Quran also names as prophets), the second-temple and apocalyptic writers, the early-Christian and merkabah-mystical tradition, the Quranic prophets (Hud, Saleh, Shu'ayb, Khidr) and the Sufi mystics (including the Illuminationist Suhrawardi), down to the Sabbatean–Frankist thread whose final figure is Jacob Frank (1726 CE–1791 CE). 71 figures across 4000 BCE – 1791 CE. Click a card to open its profile — a Wikipedia-sourced biography, an infobox of facts, and a life-and-work summary table.

● lineage end · ● royal · ● mage/prophet · hover a dot for the figure

4000 BCE · Eden (legendary)

BiblicalQuranic

First human in Genesis; paradigmatic figure of creation and fall, also named in the Quran.

3870 BCE – 2960 BCE · Antediluvian (legendary)

Adam's appointed son; per Josephus, his descendants invented the astronomical science and inscribed it on two pillars — one of brick, one of stone — to survive flood and fire.

3400 BCE – 3350 BCE · Antediluvian (legendary)

BiblicalQuranic

Patriarch who 'walked with God'; eponym of the Enochic literature (1 Enoch); identified with the Quranic prophet Idris.

3000 BCE – 2400 BCE · Antediluvian (legendary)

BiblicalQuranic

Righteous survivor of the Flood (Gen 6–9); also the Quranic prophet Nuh.

2500 BCE – 2400 BCE · Arabia (people of 'Ad, legendary)

Quranic prophet sent to the ancient people of 'Ad; preached monotheism amid their pride.

2050 BCE – 1950 BCE · Hijaz (people of Thamud, legendary)

Quranic prophet to Thamud; the she-camel of God a sign they hamstrung.

2000 BCE – 1820 BCE · Mesopotamia/Canaan

BiblicalQuranic

Patriarch of the covenant; counted as a proto-prophet in biblical and Quranic texts.

1900 BCE – 1820 BCE · Sodom / Jordan valley

BiblicalQuranic

Abraham's nephew; righteous survivor of Sodom (Gen 19), also named a prophet in the Quran.

1900 BCE – 1820 BCE · Arabia / Paran

BiblicalQuranic

Abraham's first son by Hagar; promised a great nation (Gen 16, 21), also named a prophet in the Quran.

1850 BCE – 1760 BCE · Canaan

BiblicalQuranic

Son of Abraham and Sarah; heir of the covenant (Gen 21–26), also named a prophet in the Quran.

1800 BCE – 1650 BCE · Canaan / Egypt

BiblicalQuranic

Isaac's son; father of the twelve tribes, whose deathbed blessings foretell the latter days (Gen 49), also named a prophet in the Quran.

1740 BCE – 1640 BCE · Canaan / Egypt

BiblicalQuranic

Jacob's son; dreamer and dream-interpreter whose rise to vizier is told in Gen 37–50, also named a prophet in the Quran.

1600 BCE – 1500 BCE · Midian / Madyan

Quranic prophet to Midian; preacher of honest measure and strict monotheism.

1520 BCE – 1400 BCE · Uz (legendary)

BiblicalQuranic

Righteous sufferer of the land of Uz; the Book of Job (Ketuvim), also named the patient prophet Ayyub in the Quran.

1500 BCE – 1450 BCE · Mesopotamia (uncertain)

Quranic prophet named twice among the patient; traditions variously identify him with Ezekiel or a sage.

1450 BCE – 1300 BCE · Quranic (legendary)

Mysterious immortal guide who instructs Moses in the inward meanings of events (Quran 18).

1391 BCE – 1271 BCE · Egypt/Sinai

BiblicalQuranic

Lawgiver and paradigmatic prophet of Sinai; mediator of the Torah; also the Quranic prophet Musa.

1394 BCE – 1271 BCE · Egypt/Sinai

BiblicalQuranic

Moses' brother and spokesman; first high priest of Israel (Exodus 28), also named a prophet in the Quran.

1390 BCE – 1270 BCE · Egypt/Sinai

Prophetess, sister of Moses and Aaron; led the women in song after the sea (Exod 15:20).

1150 BCE – 1010 BCE · Israel (Ramah)

Judge and prophet who anointed Saul and then David; the bridge between the judges and the monarchy (1 Samuel).

1150 BCE – 1100 BCE · Ephraim (palm of Deborah)

Prophetess and judge; with Barak she led Israel against Sisera and sang the victory song (Judg 4–5).

1040 BCE – 970 BCE · Israel/Judah

BiblicalQuranic

King of Judah and Israel; psalmist and prophet (2 Sam 23:2), recipient of the Davidic covenant, also named a prophet in the Quran.

1010 BCE – 970 BCE · Jerusalem (David's court)

Court prophet to David; gave the Davidic-covenant oracle and rebuked David over Bathsheba and Uriah (2 Sam 7, 12).

1000 BCE – 950 BCE · Arabia (legendary)

Quranic sage (Surah 31) whose proverbial wisdom to his son is recited in the Quran; a wisdom-figure, not one of the named messenger-prophets.

860 BCE – 850 BCE · Northern Kingdom

BiblicalQuranic

Northern-kingdom prophet; archetypal wonder-worker and eschatological forerunner; also the Quranic prophet Ilyas.

850 BCE – 800 BCE · Northern Kingdom

BiblicalQuranic

Successor to Elijah; wonder-working prophet of the Northern Kingdom; also the Quranic prophet Al-Yasa.

800 BCE – 750 BCE · Judah

Prophet (dating disputed); locust-plague oracles and outpouring-of-Spirit eschatology.

786 BCE – 746 BCE · Northern Kingdom

BiblicalQuranic

8th-c. BCE prophet; the Book of Jonah and its mission-to-Nineveh motif; also the Quranic prophet Yunus.

765 BCE – 750 BCE · Tekoa/Judah

Shepherd-prophet of Tekoa; among the earliest literary prophets, social-justice oracles.

755 BCE – 715 BCE · Northern Kingdom

Northern-kingdom prophet; symbolic marriage and oracles of judgment and restoration.

740 BCE – 700 BCE · Jerusalem

Jerusalem prophet spanning Uzziah–Hezekiah; messianic and imperial-oracle traditions.

737 BCE – 690 BCE · Judah

Judean prophet; oracles against injustice and the Bethlehem messianic-hope tradition.

660 BCE – 612 BCE · Judah

Poet celebrating the fall of Nineveh (612 BCE); anti-Assyrian oracles.

640 BCE – 609 BCE · Jerusalem

Josianic prophet; oracles of the Day of YHWH against Jerusalem and the nations.

640 BCE – 610 BCE · Jerusalem (Second Quarter)

Prophetess consulted by Josiah when the Book of the Law was found in the Temple (2 Kgs 22; 2 Chr 34).

627 BCE – 580 BCE · Jerusalem/Egypt

Late pre-exilic prophet; Temple and covenant oracles, witness to Jerusalem's fall (587 BCE).

625 BCE – 560 BCE · Jerusalem/Babylon

Scribe of Jeremiah; attributed the Book of Baruch and the 2 Baruch tradition.

620 BCE – 600 BCE · Judah

Prophet of dialogue with God; Hab 2:4 'the righteous shall live by faith'.

605 BCE – 530 BCE · Babylon/Persia

ApocalypticBiblical

Exilic court figure; apocalyptic visions in the Book of Daniel.

600 BCE – 550 BCE · Judah/Edom

Shortest prophetic book; oracles against Edom, dating disputed.

593 BCE – 560 BCE · Babylon

Exilic priest-prophet; merkabah visions and the valley-of-dry-bones restoration.

520 BCE – 515 BCE · Jerusalem

Post-exilic prophet urging temple rebuilding under Zerubbabel (520 BCE).

520 BCE – 480 BCE · Jerusalem

Post-exilic prophet of apocalyptic visions; temple restoration and two-messiah traditions.

480 BCE – 440 BCE · Babylon/Jerusalem

Second TempleBiblical

Priest-scribe of the Persian-period return; Torah restoration and canon.

460 BCE – 420 BCE · Jerusalem

Last of the Twelve Minor Prophets; post-exilic covenant and purity oracles.

445 BCE – 415 BCE · Persia/Jerusalem

Cupbearer to Artaxerxes who rebuilt Jerusalem's walls and led the covenant renewal and public Torah reading (Neh 1–13).

336 BCE – 323 BCE · Quranic (legendary)

Quranic figure 'the two-horned one' who journeys to the ends of the earth; often identified with Alexander.

200 BCE – 175 BCE · Jerusalem

Second-Temple sage; author of the Wisdom of Jesus ben Sira (Ecclesiasticus), the great sapiential synthesis of Torah and wisdom.

יהודה המכבי

Judas Maccabeus

190 BCE – 160 BCE · Judea

Leader of the Maccabean revolt; rededicated the Temple in 164 BCE (1 Maccabees) — the event behind Hanukkah.

50 BCE – 6 BCE · Judea (temple)

Quranic priest-prophet; father of Yahya (John the Baptist) by a late-life miracle.

John the Baptist

27 CE – 30 CE · Judea

ApocalypticQuranic

Apocalyptic wilderness preacher and forerunner in early 1st-c. CE Judea; also the Quranic prophet Yahya.

Jesus of Nazareth

28 CE – 30 CE · Galilee/Judea

ApocalypticQuranic

Galilean prophet-teacher; central figure of early Christianity, crucified c. 30 CE; also the Quranic prophet Isa.

95 CE – 100 CE · Anatolia (exile)

Visionary author of the Book of Revelation, the early Christian apocalyptic text.

Shimon bar Yochai

132 CE – 160 CE · Roman Judea

Tannaitic sage; legendary attribution of the Zohar, key merkabah-mysticism figure.

570 CE – 632 CE · Mecca/Medina

Seal of the prophets in Islamic tradition; recipient of the Quran (610-632 CE).

Rabi'a al-Adawiyya

716 CE – 801 CE · Basra

Early female Sufi saint; teacher of disinterested love of God apart from fear or hope of reward.

Bayazid Bastami

804 CE – 874 CE · Persia (Bastam)

Early ecstatic Sufi; sayings of self-annihilation (fana') and union.

Junayd al-Baghdadi

830 CE – 910 CE · Baghdad

Sober Sufi theologian; codified fana' and baqa' in a systematic Sufi ethics.

Mansur al-Hallaj

858 CE – 922 CE · Persia/Baghdad

Sufi martyr; his cry 'Ana al-Haqq' (I am the Truth) led to his execution in Baghdad, 922 CE.

1058 CE – 1111 CE · Persia (Tus)

Sunni theologian and Sufi; revived the religious sciences and wedded mysticism to orthodoxy.

Farid al-Din Attar

1145 CE – 1221 CE · Nishapur

Persian Sufi poet; the Conference of the Birds — thirty birds through seven valleys to the Simorgh.

1154 CE – 1191 CE · Persia (Aleppo)

Persian philosopher-mystic; founder of Illuminationism (hikmat al-ishraq) — the metaphysics of light in which the cosmos is a hierarchy of governing lights.

1165 CE – 1240 CE · Andalusia/Mecca/Damascus

Sufi metaphysician 'the Greatest Master'; unity of being (wahdat al-wujud), the Bezels of Wisdom.

1181 CE – 1235 CE · Cairo

Arabic Sufi poet; the Wine Ode and the Great T-poem on divine love and the stations of realization.

Jalaluddin Rumi

1207 CE – 1273 CE · Balkh/Konya

Persian Sufi poet; the Masnavi and the turn toward the Beloved; eponym of the Mevlevi order.

Abraham Abulafia

1240 CE – 1291 CE · Spain/Italy

Medieval prophetic Kabbalist; ecstatic practices and messianic self-claims (13th c.).

Shah Nimatullah Wali

1330 CE – 1431 CE · Persia (Kerman/Mahan)

Sufi poet and eponym of the Nimatullahi order; astrological and cosmological mystical works.

1534 CE – 1572 CE · Safed (Galilee)

Founder of Lurianic Kabbalah; theosophy of tzimtzum (divine withdrawal), shevirat ha-kelim (breaking of the vessels) and tikkun (cosmic repair).

1626 CE – 1676 CE · Smyrna/Ottoman lands

Sabbatean–Frankist

Smyrna-born messianic claimant; center of the 1665–66 Sabbatean movement.

1644 CE – 1680 CE · Ottoman Gaza

Sabbatean–Frankist

Sabbatai Tsevi's prophet; theological architect of Sabbatean messianism.

1726 CE – 1791 CE · Poland/Ottoman

Sabbatean–Frankistlineage end

Polish Sabbatean successor; founder of the Frankist movement, who cast himself as the antinomian messianic counterpart abolishing the old law.