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Muhammad
570 CE – 632 CE · Mecca/Medinaislamic
Description
Muhammad was an Arab religious, military, and political leader, and the founder of Islam. According to Islam, he was the final prophet of God who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets in Islam. He is believed by Muslims to be the Seal of the Prophets, and along with the Quran, his teachings and normative examples form the basis for Islamic religious belief.
Facts
| Born | c. 570 CE (53 BH), Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia |
| Died | (632-06-08)8 June 632 CE (11 AH; aged 61–62), Medina, the first Islamic state |
| Resting place | Green Dome at the Prophet's Mosque, Medina, Arabia, 24°28′03″N 39°36′41″E / 24.46750°N 39.61139°E / 24.46750; 39.61139 (Green Dome) |
| Spouse | See Wives of Muhammad |
| Children | See Children of Muhammad |
| Parents | Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib (father) Amina bint Wahb (mother) |
| Known for | Establishing Islam Major prophet in Islam and the Druze faith Manifestation of God in Baháʼí Faith |
| Other names | Rasūl Allāh (lit. 'Messenger of God'), See Names and titles of Muhammad |
| Relatives | Ahl al-Bayt (lit. 'People of the House'), See Family tree of Muhammad |
| Personal(Ism) | Muḥammad, مُحَمَّد |
| Patronymic(Nasab) | Ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim ibn ʿAbd Manāf ibn Quṣayy ibn Kilāb, ٱبْن عَبْد ٱللَّٰه بْن عَبْد ٱلْمُطَّلِب بْن هَاشِم بْن عَبْد مَنَاف بْن قُصَيّ بْن كِلَاب |
| Teknonymic(Kunya) | Abū al-Qāsim, أَبُو ٱلْقَاسِم |
| Epithet(Laqab) | Khātam al-Nabiyyīn, خَاتَم ٱلنَّبِيِّين |
Life & work in brief
Summarised by section — one row per topic, for fast reading.
| Topic | Summary |
|---|---|
| Biographical sources | Critical evaluation of sources is of particular importance in uncovering Muhammad's historical existence beyond the myths. |
| Meccan years | The name Muhammad means "praised" in Arabic and it appears four times in the Quran. |
| Medinan years | A few days after settling in Medina, Muhammad negotiated for the purchase of a piece of land; upon this plot, the Muslims began constructing a building that would become Muhammad's residence as well as a community gathering place (masjid) for prayer (salat). |
| Final years | The truce of Hudaybiyyah was enforced for two years. |
| Death | After praying at the burial site in June 632, Muhammad suffered a dreadful headache that made him cry in pain. |
| Tomb | Muhammad was buried where he died in Aisha's house. |
| Succession | With Muhammad's death, disagreement broke out over who his successor would be. |
| Household | Muhammad's conjugal life can defined into two periods: pre-hijra in Mecca (570–622), and post-hijra in Medina (622–632). |
| Legacy | Following the attestation to the oneness of God, the belief in Muhammad's prophethood is the main aspect of the Islamic faith. |
Prophecies
Key prophetic utterances and visions attributed to Muhammad, with sources.
| Prophecy / vision | Source |
|---|---|
| Recite! in the name of your Lord who created — the Night of Power at Hira | Quran 96:1 / 97 |
| We have not sent you except as a mercy to the worlds | Quran 21:107 |
| The Hour and its signs: when the sun is folded up and the stars darkened | Quran 81:1-2 / 82:17-19 |