

Authoritative Teaching -- The Nag Hammadi Library

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    Institute for Antiquity and Christianity, Claremont Graduate University)

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The Nag Hammadi Library

    Authoritative Teaching

Translated by George W. MacRae

            [...] in heaven [...] within him [...] anyone appears [...] the hidden heavens [...]
            appear, and before the invisible, ineffable worlds appeared. From these the invisible soul
            of righteousness came, being a fellow member, and a fellow body, and a fellow spirit.
            Whether she is in the descent or is in the Pleroma, she is not separated from them, but
            they see her and she looks at them in the invisible world.

Secretly her bridegroom fetched it. He presented it to her mouth to make her eat it
            like food, and he applied the word to her eyes as a medicine to make her see with her mind
            and perceive her kinsmen and learn about her root, in order that she might cling to her
            branch from which she had first come forth, in order that she might receive what is hers
            and renounce matter.

[...] he [dwelt...] having [...] sons. The sons [...] truly, those who have come from
            his seed, call the sons of the woman "our brothers". In this very way, when the
            spiritual soul was cast into the body, it became a brother to lust and hatred and envy,
            and a material soul. So therefore the body came from lust, and lust came from material
            substance. For this reason the soul became a brother to them.

And yet they are outsiders, without power to inherit from the male, but they will
            inherit from their mother only. Whenever, therefore, the soul wishes to inherit along with
            the outsiders - for the possessions of the outsiders are proud passions, the pleasures of
            life, hateful envies, vainglorious things, nonsensical things, accusations [...] for her
            [...] prostitution, he excludes her and puts her into the brothel. For [...] debauchery
            for her. She left modesty behind. For death and life are set before everyone. Whichever of
            these two they wish, then, they will choose for themselves.

That one then will fall into drinking much wine in debauchery. For wine is the
            debaucher. Therefore she does not remember her brothers and her father, for pleasure and
            sweet profits deceive her.

Having left knowledge behind, she fell into bestiality. For a senseless person exists
            in bestiality, not knowing what is proper to say and what it is proper not to say. But, on
            the other hand, the gentle son inherits from his father with pleasure, while his father
            rejoices over him because he receives honor on account of him from everyone, as he looks
            again for the way to double the things that he has received. For the outsiders [...].

[...] to mix with the [...]. For if a thought of lust enters into a virgin man, he has
            already become contaminated. And their gluttony cannot mix with moderation. For if the
            chaff is mixed with the wheat, it is not the chaff that is contaminated, but the wheat.
            For since they are mixed with each other, no one will buy her wheat, because it is
            contaminated. But they will coax him, "Give us this chaff!", seeing the wheat
            mixed with it, until they get it and throw it with all other chaff, and that chaff mixes
            with all other materials. But a pure seed is kept in storehouses that are secure. All
            these things,then, we have spoken.

And before anything came into being, it was the Father alone who existed, before the
            worlds that are in the heavens appeared, or the world that is on the earth, or
            principality, or authority, or the powers. [...] appear [...] and [...] And nothing came
            into being without his wish.

He, then, the Father, wishing to reveal his wealth and his glory, brought about this
            great contest in this world, wishing to make the contestants appear, and make all those
            who contend leave behind the things that had come into being, and despise them with a
            lofty, incomprehensible knowledge, and flee to the one who exists.

And (as for) those who contend with us, being adversaries who contend against us, we
            are to be victorious over their ignorance through our knowledge, since we have already
            known the Inscrutable One from whom we have come forth. We have nothing in this world,
            lest the authority of the world that has come into being should detain us in the worlds
            that are in the heavens, those in which universal death exists, surrounded by the
            individual [...] worldly. We have also become ashamed of the worlds, though we take no
            interest in them when they malign us. And we ignore them when they curse us. When they
            cast shame in our face, we look at them and do not speak.

For they work at their business, but we go about in hunger (and) in thirst, looking
            toward our dwelling-place, the place which our conduct and our conscience look toward, not
            clinging to the things which have come into being, but withdrawing from them. Our hearts
            are set on the things that exist, though we are ill (and) feeble (and) in pain. But there
            is a great strength hidden within us.

Our soul indeed is ill because she dwells in a house of poverty, while matter strikes
            blows at her eyes, wishing to make her blind. For this reason she pursues the word and
            applies it to her eyes as a medicine <opening> them, casting away [...] thought of a
            [...] blindness in [...] afterwards, when that one is again in ignorance, he is completely
            darkened and is material. Thus the soul [...] a word every hour, to apply it to her eyes
            as a medicine in order that she may see, and her light may conceal the hostile forces that
            fight with her, and she may make them blind with her light, and enclose them in her
            presence, and make them fall down in sleeplessness, and she may act boldly with her
            strength and with her scepter.

While her enemies look at her in shame, she runs upward into her treasure-house - the
            one in which her mind is - and (into) her storehouse which is secure, since nothing among
            the things that have come into being has seized her, nor has she received a stranger into
            her house. For many are her homeborn ones who fight against her by day and by night,
            having no rest by day or by night, for their lust oppresses them.

For this reason, then, we do not sleep, nor do we forget the nets that are spread out
            in hiding, lying in wait for us to catch us. For if we are caught in a single net, it will
            suck us down into its mouth, while the water flows over us, striking our face. And we will
            be taken down into the dragnet, and we will not be able to come up from it, because the
            waters are high over us, flowing from above downward, submerging our heart down in the
            filthy mud. And we will not be able to escape from them. For man-eaters will seize us and
            swallow us, rejoicing like a fisherman casting a hook into the water. For he casts many
            kinds of food into the water because each one of the fish has his own food. He smells it
            and pursues its odor. But when he eats it, the hook hidden within the food seizes him and
            brings him up by force out of the deep waters. No man is able, then, to catch that fish
            down in the deep waters, except for the trap that the fisherman sets. By the ruse of food
            he brought the fish up on the hook.

In this very way we exist in this world, like fish. The adversary spies on us, lying in
            wait for us like a fisherman, wishing to seize us, rejoicing that he might swallow us. For
            he places many foods before our eyes (things) which belong to this world. He wishes to
            make us desire one of them and to taste only a little, so that he may seize us with his
            hidden poison and bring us out of freedom and take us into slavery. For whenever he
            catches us with a single food, it is indeed necessary for us to desire the rest. Finally,
            then, such things become the food of death.

Now these are the foods with which the devil lies in wait for us. First he injects a
            pain into your heart until you have heartache on account of a small thing of this life,
            and he seizes (you) with his poisons. And afterward (he injects) the desire of a tunic, so
            that you will pride yourself in it, and love of money, pride, vanity, envy that rivals
            another envy, beauty of body, fraudulence. The greatest of all these are ignorance and
            ease.

Now all such things the adversary prepares beautifully and spreads out before the body,
            wishing to make the mind of the soul incline her toward one of them and overwhelm her,
            like a hook, drawing her by force in ignorance, deceiving her until she conceives evil,
            and bears fruit of matter, and conducts herself in uncleanness, pursuing many desires,
            covetousnesses, while fleshly pleasure draws her in ignorance.

But the soul - she who has tasted these things - realized that sweet passions are
            transitory. She had learned about evil; she went away from them and she entered into a new
            conduct. Afterwards she despises this life, because it is transitory. And she looks for
            those foods that will take her into life, and leaves behind her those deceitful foods. And
            she learns about her light, as she goes about stripping off this world, while her true
            garment clothes her within, (and) her bridal clothing is placed upon her in beauty of
            mind, not in pride of flesh. And she learns about her depth and runs into her fold, while
            her shepherd stands at the door. In return for all the shame and scorn, then, that she
            received in this world, she receives ten thousand times the grace and glory.

She gave the body to those who had given it to her, and they were ashamed, while the
            dealers in bodies sat down and wept because they were not able to do any business with
            that body, nor did they find any (other) merchandise except it. They endured great labors
            until they had shaped the body of this soul, wishing to strike down the invisible soul.
            They were therefore ashamed of their work; they suffered the loss of the one for whom they
            had endured labors. They did not realize that she has an invisible spiritual body,
            thinking, "We are her shepherd who feeds her." But they did not realize that she
            knows another way, which is hidden from them. This her true shepherd taught her in
            knowledge.

But these - the ones who are ignorant - do not seek after God. Nor do they inquire
            about their dwelling-place, which exists in rest, but they go about in bestiality. They
            are more wicked than the pagans, because first of all they do not inquire about God, for
            their hardness of heart draws them down to make them their cruelty. Furthermore, if they
            find someone else who asks about his salvation, their hardness of heart sets to work upon
            that man. And if he does not stop asking, they kill him by their cruelty, thinking that
            they have done a good thing for themselves.

Indeed they are sons of the devil! For even pagans give charity, and they know that God
            who is in the heavens exists, the Father of the universe, exalted over their idols, which
            they worship. But they have not heard the word, that they should inquire about his ways.
            Thus the senseless man hears the call, but he is ignorant of the place to which he has
            been called. And he did not ask during the preaching, "Where is the temple into which
            I should go and worship my hope?"

On account of his senselessness, then, he is worse than a pagan, for the pagans know
            the way to go to their stone temple, which will perish, and they worship their idol, while
            their hearts are set on it because it is their hope. But to this senseless man the word
            has been preached, teaching him, "Seek and inquire about the ways you should go,
            since there is nothing else that is as good as this thing." The result is that the
            substance of hardness of heart strikes a blow upon his mind, along with the force of
            ignorance and the demon of error. They do not allow his mind to rise up, because he was
            wearying himself in seeking that he might learn about his hope.

But the rational soul who (also) wearied herself in seeking - she learned about God.
            She labored with inquiring, enduring distress in the body, wearing out her feet after the
            evangelists, learning about the Inscrutable One. She found her rising. She came to rest in
            him who is at rest. She reclined in the bride-chamber. She ate of the banquet for which
            she had hungered. She partook of the immortal food. She found what she had sought after.
            She received rest from her labors, while the light that shines forth upon her does not
            sink. To it belongs the glory and the power and the revelation for ever and ever. Amen.

Authoritative Teaching

   Original translation of this text was prepared by members of the

Coptic Gnostic Library Project of the Institute for Antiquity and Christianity, Claremont Graduate School.

The Coptic Gnostic Library Project was funded by UNESCO, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and other Institutions.

 E. J. Brill has asserted copyright on texts published by the Coptic Gnostic Library Project.

The translation presented here has been edited,  modified and formatted for use in the Gnostic Society Library.

For academic citation, please refer to published editions of this text.

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